What Is a Bog?

A bog is one of Estonia’s most unique natural treasures — a vast wetland formed over thousands of years. It is a common belief that bogs cover around 22% of Estonia’s territory. In reality, due to large-scale drainage during the Soviet era, only about 6–8% of Estonia’s land is covered by bogs today.

The confusion arises because the 22% figure includes all peat-related areas — swampy forests, wet meadows, and degraded bogs — regardless of the thickness of the peat layer or whether peat formation is still occurring. These areas are no longer considered living bogs because their natural processes have been disrupted.

A bog is a natural wetland that develops from overgrown lakes or in low-lying meadows where water collects in the soil. Its main feature is ongoing peat formation, and bogs are classified as such when the peat layer reaches at least 30 centimeters. Peat forms because waterlogged, low-oxygen conditions prevent plant remains from fully decomposing. Over time, these layers slowly build up into thick, carbon-rich peat, growing only about 1 millimeter each year. In Estonian bogs, the average peat layer is 5-7 meters thick, and the average age of these bogs is around 5,000-7,000 years.

Bogs develop in three main stages: eutrophic mire, transitional mire, and raised bog. Each stage has its own water levels, nutrient conditions, and flora. Raised bogs are the most popular for bog-shoe hikes.

Why Are Bogs Important?

Bogs are unique wetland ecosystems that play a vital role in maintaining a healthy planet. These natural areas are not only beautiful places to visit but also powerful protectors of our environment.

• Climate Protectors

Bogs store massive amounts of carbon in their peat layers, helping to reduce greenhouse gases and fight climate change.

• Natural Water Filters

As natural sponges, bogs and wetlands absorb and clean water, reducing the risk of floods and keeping rivers and lakes clear.

• Home for Rare Wildlife

Many rare plants, birds, and insects live only in bogs. Preserving these ecosystems means protecting biodiversity and fragile wildlife habitats.

• Windows to the Past

Peat layers in Estonian bogs preserve ancient plants, pollen, and even human artifacts — offering a unique look into our natural and cultural history.

The Seasons of the Bog

Each season transforms Estonia’s bogs in a magical way, from spring’s fresh greens to summer berries, autumn’s golden colors, and winter’s snowy landscapes.

Spring (March-May)

When the snow melts, life awakens. The bog fills with water and bird songs — cranes and many other birds return to nest. It’s great time to experience Estonia’s wild side, as nature bursts into life and sound. If you’re lucky, you might find last year’s cranberries under the melting snow — still wonderfully tasty!

Summer (June-August)

The magical white nights have arrived, and despite the very early wake-up, summer is a popular time for locals to watch the sunrise over the bog. Cottongrass turns the landscape white and the blooming Labrador tea fills the bog with an enchanting scent. Cloudberries ripen in the bog, while blueberries and lingonberries await at the forested edges.

Autumn (September-November)

Perhaps the most photogenic time of all — foggy mornings, red mosses, and reflections in the still water. The bog becomes especially beautiful in the early morning, when the colorful landscape is covered in frost. Cranberries are ripe, and you might spot people in the bog picking them. Autumn bogs have a quiet, mystical feel that photographers and nature lovers adore.

Winter (December-February)

When the ground freezes, the bog becomes a vast, white wonderland. You can hike across icy pools, hear the crunch of snow beneath your feet, and feel the silence of nature at rest. It’s cold but breathtakingly beautiful. Winter snow is perfect for spotting animal tracks, especially along bog edges where moose, hares and foxes roam.

What Is a Bog-Shoe Hike?

A bog-shoe hike is the perfect way to explore this magical landscape. Bog-shoes are lightweight frames you strap onto your boots — they help you stay above the soft, wet ground and explore areas beyond the boardwalks. Every bog is unique, offering a new experience whether it’s your first hike or your tenth.

A Mindful Nature Experience

In today’s fast-paced world, more and more people struggle to focus and stay attentive. A bog-shoe hike is an excellent exercise for mindfulness and concentration. Walking on bog-shoes requires full presence and focus, helping you practice paying attention to the moment. 

Discover Estonia’s Unique Bog Ecosystem

These guided hikes are not only safe but full of discovery. You might spot carnivorous plants, ancient pine trees, or the mirror-like reflection of the sky in a still bog lake. You’ll learn how plants have adapted to survive in the harsh conditions of the bog and what wild animals you might encounter there.

Peaceful and Photogenic

Experience the peaceful silence of the bog, interrupted only by birdsong or the gentle splash of water. Bog-shoe hikes are perfect for photographers, nature lovers, and anyone seeking a quiet escape into Estonia’s wild landscapes.

Bog-Shoe Hikes Year-Round

Bog-shoe hikes are available year-round, each season offering a new perspective and adventure. In winter, the same bog-shoes become snowshoes, letting you glide across frozen landscapes in peaceful silence. During bird nesting season (April 23 – June 24), walking with bog-shoes is not allowed, but you can still enjoy guided walks along the boardwalks and take in Estonia’s stunning bog views.

What to Wear on a Bog-Shoe Hike in Estonia

Estonian bogs are magical in every season — but the weather can be unpredictable and change quickly. Every hike is a little different, so the key is to dress in layers and always check the weather forecast before you go. Keep in mind that bogs have their own microclimate — they can be windier, hotter, or cooler than surrounding areas.

These are not strict rules, but helpful tips for making your bog adventure comfortable and safe.

Clothing

Layering is the key. It allows you to add or remove clothing depending on the weather and activity level. When walking, you’ll quickly warm up, but during longer breaks it can get chilly.

• Choose synthetic or wool materials over cotton — cotton absorbs moisture, dries slowly, and loses warmth when wet.
• While summer bogs are beautiful and full of life, they also come with mosquitoes and horseflies. If you prefer short sleeves, remember that you’ll be more exposed to bites.

• Can you wear jeans? Yes, if you find them comfortable. In summer, that’s usually fine. However, jeans aren’t the best choice — they get heavy and cold when wet. But if you don’t have anything else, you’ll still manage just fine with them.

Footwear

The best shoes depend on the season and bog conditions.

• Leave your heels, open shoes, and flip-flops at home — they’re not made for the bog-shoe hiking.
• During spring and autumn, when there’s a lot of water in the bog, rubber boots are the best choice. 
• In summer, lightweight hiking boots or comfortable sports shoes work best, as the bog surface is usually drier.
• In winter, choose warm and waterproof (hiking) boots that keep your feet warm and dry. 
• It’s a good idea to pack two extra pairs of socks: one warm pair to put on during longer breaks when you might start feeling chilly, and another regular pair in case your feet get wet.

 
Headwear & Accessories

• Wearing a season-appropriate hat is important all year round.
• In summer, a sun hat or cap protects you from both sun and insects.

• In autumn and winter, a warm hat and gloves are essential.
  

• Remember to take sunscreen and sunglasses on sunny days.

Ready to Explore?

Ready to explore? Step into the enchanting world of Estonia’s bogs with a bog-shoe hike from Hey Estonia and create unforgettable memories.